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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jbpneu</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J. bras. pneumol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1806-3756</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">bX7yG8jhyvb95VRJG3FSKcG</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S1806-37132011000400018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S1806-3713(11)03700418</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S1806-37132011000400018</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Met&#225;stase cut&#226;nea como primeira manifesta&#231;&#227;o de adenocarcinoma pulmonar</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pantarotto</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lombo</surname>
            <given-names>Liliana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Helena</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia de Lisboa</institution>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia de Lisboa</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Cl&#237;nica do Pulm&#227;o </institution>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia de Lisboa</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Radioterapia </institution>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>37</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>556</fpage>
      <lpage>559</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2010</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2010</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino de 58 anos de idade, que foi encaminhado para a consulta de oncologia por apresentar uma massa epig&#225;strica de crescimento r&#225;pido em tr&#234;s meses de evolu&#231;&#227;o. A investiga&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica revelou tratar-se de um adenocarcinoma pulmonar metast&#225;tico est&#225;dio IV. Recebeu cinco ciclos de cisplatina e gemcitabina como tratamento de primeira linha, que foi interrompido devido a efeitos adversos. Houve estabilidade da doen&#231;a pulmonar e progress&#227;o cut&#226;nea. Recebeu pemetrexed como tratamento de segunda linha e radioterapia externa concomitante, com boa toler&#226;ncia e regress&#227;o completa da massa epig&#225;strica. Entretanto, o paciente faleceu tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s o tratamento. Destacamos aqui import&#226;ncia da multidisciplinaridade e do seu papel na individualiza&#231;&#227;o do tratamento.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Neoplasias pulmonares</kwd>
        <kwd>Met&#225;stase neopl&#225;sica</kwd>
        <kwd>Protocolos de quimioterapia combinada antineopl&#225;sica</kwd>
        <kwd>Radioterapia assistida por computador</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Met&#225;stase cut&#226;nea como primeira manifesta&#231;&#227;o de adenocarcinoma pulmonar<xref ref-type="fn" rid="nt1"><sup><bold>*</bold></sup></xref></p>
    <p>
      <bold>Marcos Pantarotto<sup>I</sup>; Liliana Lombo<sup>II</sup>; Helena Pereira<sup>III</sup>; Antonio Ara&#250;jo<sup>IV</sup></bold>
    </p>
    <p><sup>I</sup>M&#233;dico Residente de Oncologia M&#233;dica. Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal </p>
    <p><sup>II</sup>M&#233;dica Residente de Radioterapia. Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal </p>
    <p><sup>III</sup>Diretora. Departamento de Radioterapia, Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal </p>
    <p><sup>IV</sup>Diretor. Cl&#237;nica do Pulm&#227;o, Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino de 58 anos de idade, que foi encaminhado para a consulta de oncologia por apresentar uma massa epig&#225;strica de crescimento r&#225;pido em tr&#234;s meses de evolu&#231;&#227;o. A investiga&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica revelou tratar-se de um adenocarcinoma pulmonar metast&#225;tico est&#225;dio IV. Recebeu cinco ciclos de cisplatina e gemcitabina como tratamento de primeira linha, que foi interrompido devido a efeitos adversos. Houve estabilidade da doen&#231;a pulmonar e progress&#227;o cut&#226;nea. Recebeu pemetrexed como tratamento de segunda linha e radioterapia externa concomitante, com boa toler&#226;ncia e regress&#227;o completa da massa epig&#225;strica. Entretanto, o paciente faleceu tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s o tratamento. Destacamos aqui import&#226;ncia da multidisciplinaridade e do seu papel na individualiza&#231;&#227;o do tratamento. </p>
    <p><bold>Descritores: </bold>Neoplasias pulmonares; Met&#225;stase neopl&#225;sica; Protocolos de quimioterapia combinada antineopl&#225;sica; Radioterapia assistida por computador.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Anualmente, mais da metade dos novos casos de c&#226;ncer de pulm&#227;o na Europa representam doen&#231;a metast&#225;tica.<sup>(1)</sup> Em Portugal, estima-se uma incid&#234;ncia anual aproximada de 2.500 casos, com uma rela&#231;&#227;o incid&#234;ncia/mortalidade de aproximadamente 100%, sendo a principal causa de morte entre as doen&#231;as oncol&#243;gicas.<sup>(1,2)</sup> At&#233; a data n&#227;o existe evid&#234;ncia de uma forma eficaz de rastreio populacional,<sup>(3)</sup> sendo a cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica medida fundamental para a redu&#231;&#227;o dos casos.<sup>(4)</sup></p>
    <p>A pele representa um local relativamente comum de surgimento de met&#225;stase dos tumores pulmonares,<sup>(5)</sup> e isso geralmente est&#225; relacionado com um pior progn&#243;stico.<sup>(6,7)</sup></p>
    <p>Os m&#233;dicos que lidam com essa patologia dever&#227;o estar atentos para a possibilidade de serem confrontados com met&#225;stases cut&#226;neas como primeira manifesta&#231;&#227;o do c&#226;ncer de pulm&#227;o.<sup>(8)</sup></p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato de caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Um paciente do sexo masculino com 58 anos de idade, gar&#231;om, ex-fumante h&#225; 9 anos (40 ma&#231;os-ano), foi encaminhado &#224; consulta de oncologia m&#233;dica pelo surgimento de uma massa epig&#225;strica. Apresentava como antecedentes DPOC com altera&#231;&#245;es ventilat&#243;rias obstrutivas graves, e 7 anos antes havia sido submetido a uma gastrectomia parcial por &#250;lcera g&#225;strica perfurada. Encontrava-se medicado com um &#946;<sub>2</sub>-agonista inalat&#243;rio de longa dura&#231;&#227;o. </p>
    <p>Tr&#234;s meses antes da consulta, notou o aparecimento de um n&#243;dulo doloroso e endurecido na regi&#227;o epig&#225;strica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figura 1</xref>) sobre a cicatriz cir&#250;rgica abdominal, com crescimento r&#225;pido. Queixava-se de anorexia (grau 3) e emagrecimento (cerca de 10 kg ou 16% do peso habitual nos 3 meses) e mostrava-se bastante incomodado com a restri&#231;&#227;o da vida social causada pelo fato de a massa ser vis&#237;vel sob a roupa. Negava agravamento da dispneia habitual. Ao exame f&#237;sico, apresentava-se caqu&#233;tico, com um status de performance segundo a escala <italic>Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group</italic> igual a 1. Palpava-se uma massa endurecida e dolorosa na regi&#227;o epig&#225;strica, com exsuda&#231;&#227;o amarelada e eritema adjacente, medindo aproximadamente 15 cm de di&#226;metro. A ausculta&#231;&#227;o pulmonar revelava aboli&#231;&#227;o dos sons respirat&#243;rios no ter&#231;o superior do hemit&#243;rax esquerdo.</p>
    <fig id="fig1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1806-3756-jbpneu-37-04-0556-FSKcG-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Uma TC toracoabdominal revelou a presen&#231;a de uma massa com limites imprecisos no segmento &#225;pico-posterior do lobo superior do pulm&#227;o esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a18fig02m">Figura 2a</xref>), com aproximadamente 2,2 cm nos seus maiores di&#226;metros, al&#233;m da pr&#243;pria les&#227;o epig&#225;strica, que infiltrava o esterno. Ambas as imagens coincidiam com hipercapta&#231;&#227;o do radiof&#225;rmaco <italic>fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose</italic> na TC por emiss&#227;o de p&#243;sitrons. Foi realizada uma biopsia da massa abdominal, que revelou tratar-se de met&#225;stase de um adenocarcinoma. O exame imuno-histoqu&#237;mico mostrou positividade difusa para citoqueratina-7 e <italic>thyroid transcription factor-1</italic> e negatividade para citoqueratina-20, favorecendo-se um tumor prim&#225;rio pulmonar,<sup>(9,10)</sup> que foi estadiado segundo a classifica&#231;&#227;o tumor-n&#243;dulo-met&#225;stase como cT1bN0M1b (est&#225;dio IV). </p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a18fig02m">
        <graphic xlink:href="1806-3756-jbpneu-37-04-0556-FSKcG-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Iniciou o tratamento de primeira linha com cisplatina 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> dia 1 + gemcitabina 1.250 mg/m<sup>2</sup> dia 1 e dia 8 cada 21 dias. Demonstrou m&#225; toler&#226;ncia ao esquema, com m&#250;ltiplas omiss&#245;es ao ciclo de gemcitabina do dia 8 por toxicidade hematol&#243;gica, com um epis&#243;dio de neutropenia febril ap&#243;s o 2&#186; ciclo e surgimento de trombocitopenia grau 2 ap&#243;s o 5&#186; ciclo. Uma TC tor&#225;cica de reavalia&#231;&#227;o mostrou estabilidade da doen&#231;a pulmonar com progress&#227;o cut&#226;nea.</p>
    <p>Modificou-se a estrat&#233;gia de tratamento para quimioterapia de segunda linha com pemetrexed 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> cada 21 dias, associada a radioterapia externa, que consistiu na irradia&#231;&#227;o da massa epig&#225;strica, com intuito paliativo, na dose total de 30 Gy, em 10 fra&#231;&#245;es, utilizando-se <sup>60</sup>Co (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a18fig02m">Figura 2b</xref>).</p>
    <p>Efetuou 6 ciclos sem interrup&#231;&#245;es ou efeitos adversos significativos, verificando-se regress&#227;o completa da massa epig&#225;strica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figura 3</xref>). </p>
    <fig id="fig3">
      <graphic xlink:href="1806-3756-jbpneu-37-04-0556-FSKcG-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>N&#227;o houve recidiva da les&#227;o cut&#226;nea ap&#243;s o tratamento com radioterapia ou surgimento de novos implantes secund&#225;rios na pele.</p>
    <p>Verificou-se a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a a n&#237;vel pulmonar, hep&#225;tico e &#243;sseo em TC efetuada 2 meses ap&#243;s o 6&#186; ciclo de pemetrexed. O paciente faleceu 3 meses ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino da quimioterapia de segunda linha, ou seja, aproximadamente 14 meses ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico inicial.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>As met&#225;stases cut&#226;neas s&#227;o descritas em associa&#231;&#227;o &#224; maioria das neoplasias de origem visceral que causam met&#225;stases &#224; dist&#226;ncia. Embora n&#227;o haja consenso na literatura sobre a sua frequ&#234;ncia, s&#227;o mais comumente relacionadas com os tumores prim&amp;s&#227;oaacute;rios da mama e do pulm&#227;o, sendo o t&#243;rax e o abd&#244;men os locais mais comuns desse tipo de dissemina&#231;&#227;o.<sup>(5,11,12)</sup></p>
    <p>As les&#245;es cut&#226;neas podem apresentar-se de diferentes formas, sendo mais frequentes os n&#243;dulos de consist&#234;ncia p&#233;trea, aderentes a planos profundos, indolores, da cor da pele ou discretamente eritematosos, com ou sem ulcera&#231;&#245;es e com crescimento r&#225;pido. Como manifesta&#231;&#227;o dos cancros da mama e da cavidade oral, podem apresentar-se tamb&#233;m como n&#243;dulos de aspecto escleroso e inflamat&#243;rio, assim como extens&#227;o direta do tumor prim&#225;rio.<sup>(13)</sup> Algumas les&#245;es s&#227;o intrad&#233;rmicas e invadem o tecido celular subcut&#226;neo, enquanto outras s&#227;o superficiais, sem colora&#231;&#227;o ou localiza&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica que possa sugerir a sua natureza.<sup>(11,13)</sup> S&#227;o geralmente observadas como manifesta&#231;&#245;es tardias da doen&#231;a neopl&#225;sica disseminada, podendo, contudo, ser a primeira manifesta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica de doen&#231;a maligna visceral.</p>
    <p>No relato cl&#237;nico em quest&#227;o, devido a localiza&#231;&#227;o, dimens&#227;o e apar&#234;ncia da les&#227;o cut&#226;nea, assim como suas implica&#231;&#245;es na autonomia do paciente, considerou-se relevante adaptar o tratamento de forma a contribuir para a diminui&#231;&#227;o do impacto f&#237;sico e emocional. Para atingir esse objetivo, a abordagem multidisciplinar &#233; fundamental. </p>
    <p>Ap&#243;s os resultados insatisfat&#243;rios obtidos com a primeira linha de tratamento farmacol&#243;gico, a radioterapia associada &#224; quimioterapia de segunda linha com pemetrexed foi bem tolerada e proporcionou um melhor controle dos sintomas. Os autores acreditam que a estrat&#233;gia de tratamento combinado possibilitou ao paciente uma melhor qualidade de vida.</p>
    <p>Cabe ressaltar, contudo, que existe pouca evid&#234;ncia para suportar o uso em conjunto de radioterapia e pemetrexed. N&#227;o obstante, em uma comunica&#231;&#227;o recente de dois estudos de fase I,<sup>(14)</sup> demonstrou-se que essa modalidade terap&#234;utica &#233; bem tolerada, sugerindo um novo campo de estudo na associa&#231;&#227;o da radioterapia &#224;s terap&#234;uticas dirigidas a alvos moleculares<sup>(4)</sup> no c&#226;ncer do pulm&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Agradecimentos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O nosso agradecimento sincero &#224;s Dras. Marta Soares e Isabel Azevedo e &#224;s enfermeiras que comp&#245;em a Cl&#237;nica do Pulm&#227;o do Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Porto, que prestaram apoio incondicional para a elabora&#231;&#227;o deste relato.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>
          <a href="#top1" link-type="internal"/>
        </p>
        <p>
          <bold>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </p>
        <p> Marcos Pantarotto. Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia </p>
        <p> Rua Dr. Ant&#243;nio Bernardino de Almeida </p>
        <p> 4200-072, Porto, Portugal </p>
        <p> Tel. 351 22 508-4000 ramal 7685. Fax: 351 22 508-4001 </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="mpantarotto@med.up.pt">mpantarotto@med.up.pt</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Recebido para publica&#231;&#227;o em 13/3/2010. </p>
    <p> Aprovado, ap&#243;s revis&#227;o, em 21/9/2010. </p>
    <p> Apoio financeiro: Nenhum.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="nt1">
        <label>*</label>
        <p> Trabalho realizado no Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal.</p>
      </fn>
    </p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Cutaneous metastasis as the initial manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>We report the case of a 58-year-old male patient who was referred for oncology consultation due to an epigastric mass that had been growing rapidly for three months. Diagnostic investigation revealed that the mass was a metastasis of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. The patient received five cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine as a first-line treatment, which was interrupted due to major adverse events. Although the pulmonary disease stabilized, the cutaneous disease progressed. The patient then received pemetrexed as a second-line chemotherapy, together with concurrent external radiotherapy, which was well tolerated. There was complete remission of the epigastric mass. However, the patient died three months after the treatment. Here, we emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and of its role in individualizing the treatment.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Lung neoplasms</kwd>
        <kwd>Neoplasm metastasis</kwd>
        <kwd>Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols</kwd>
        <kwd>Radiotherapy, computer-assisted</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Cutaneous metastasis as the initial manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma<sup><bold>*</bold></sup></p>
      <p>
        <bold>Marcos Pantarotto<sup>I</sup>; Liliana Lombo<sup>II</sup>; Helena Pereira<sup>III</sup>; Antonio Ara&#250;jo<sup>IV</sup></bold>
      </p>
      <p><sup>I</sup>Resident in Medical Oncology. Francisco Gentil Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal</p>
      <p><sup>II</sup>Resident in Radiology. Francisco Gentil Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal</p>
      <p><sup>III</sup>Director. Department of Radiology, Francisco Gentil Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal</p>
      <p><sup>IV</sup>Director. Lung Clinic, Francisco Gentil Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal</p>
      <p>Correspondence to</p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We report the case of a 58-year-old male patient who was referred for oncology consultation due to an epigastric mass that had been growing rapidly for three months. Diagnostic investigation revealed that the mass was a metastasis of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. The patient received five cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine as a first-line treatment, which was interrupted due to major adverse events. Although the pulmonary disease stabilized, the cutaneous disease progressed. The patient then received pemetrexed as a second-line chemotherapy, together with concurrent external radiotherapy, which was well tolerated. There was complete remission of the epigastric mass. However, the patient died three months after the treatment. Here, we emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and of its role in individualizing the treatment.</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Lung neoplasms; Neoplasm metastasis; Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols; Radiotherapy, computer-assisted.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Annually, metastatic disease accounts for over half of the new cases of lung cancer in Europe.<sup>(1)</sup> In Portugal, the estimated annual incidence is approximately 2,500 cases, and mortality among such cases is nearly 100%, lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer death.<sup>(1,2)</sup> To date, there has been no evidence of an effective method for population screening,<sup>(3)</sup> smoking cessation being fundamental to reducing the number of cases.<sup>(4)</sup></p>
      <p>It is relatively common for lung tumors to metastasize to the skin,<sup>(5)</sup> and this is typically associated with a worse prognosis.<sup>(6,7)</sup> Physicians who deal with this pathology should be on the alert for the possibility of cutaneous metastasis as the initial manifestation of lung cancer.<sup>(8)</sup></p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A 58-year-old waiter who had quit smoking 9 years prior (smoking history, 40 pack-years) was referred for medical oncology consultation because of an epigastric mass. The patient presented with a history of COPD with severe obstructive ventilatory changes and, 7 years prior, had undergone partial gastrectomy for a perforated gastric ulcer. He had been under treatment with a long-acting inhaled &#946;<sub>2</sub> agonist.</p>
      <p>Three months before the consultation, the patient had noticed a firm, painful nodule that was growing rapidly on the abdominal surgical scar in the epigastric region (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>). He complained of anorexia (grade 3) and weight loss (of approximately 10 kg, or 16% of his normal weight, in the 3 months preceding the consultation) and was quite distressed with the restriction that the mass, which was visible under his clothes, had imposed on his social life. He reported that the severity of his dyspnea had not changed. Physical examination revealed wasting, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scale score was 1. Palpation revealed a firm, painful mass in the epigastric region. The mass, approximately 15 cm in diameter, was accompanied by yellowish exudation and adjacent erythema. Pulmonary auscultation revealed absent breath sounds in the upper third of the left hemithorax.</p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1806-3756-jbpneu-37-04-0556-FSKcG-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>A thoracoabdominal CT scan revealed the presence of a mass with ill-defined borders in the apical posterior segment of the upper lobe of the left lung (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a18fig02-body2">Figure 2a</xref>), measuring approximately 2.2 cm at its largest diameter, as well as the epigastric lesion itself, which infiltrated the sternum. Both images coincided with intense uptake of the radiotracer fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose on positron emission tomography/CT scans. A biopsy of the abdominal mass was performed and revealed that it was a metastasis of an adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positivity for cytokeratin 7 and thyroid transcription factor-1, as well as negativity for cytokeratin 20, contributing to a diagnosis of primary lung tumor,<sup>(9,10)</sup> which was staged as cT1bN0M1b (stage IV) in accordance with the tumor-node-metastasis classification.</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_a18fig02-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1806-3756-jbpneu-37-04-0556-FSKcG-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The patient was started on the first-line treatment of 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> of cisplatin on day 1 + 1,250 mg/m<sup>2</sup> of gemcitabine on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. The treatment regimen was poorly tolerated, and there were multiple omissions of the day-8 gemcitabine cycle because of hematologic toxicity, with an episode of febrile neutropenia after the second cycle and the occurrence of grade 2 thrombocytopenia after the fifth cycle. A follow-up CT scan of the chest revealed that, although the pulmonary disease had stabilized, the cutaneous disease had progressed.</p>
      <p>The treatment strategy was changed to second-line chemotherapy, with 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> of pemetrexed every 21 days, together with concurrent external radiation therapy, which consisted of palliative irradiation of the epigastric mass, at a total dose of 30 Gy (in 10 fractions), with <sup>60</sup>Co (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a18fig02-body2">Figure 2b</xref>).</p>
      <p>The patient received 6 cycles without any interruptions or significant adverse effects, and there was complete remission of the epigastric mass (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03-body2">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig03-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1806-3756-jbpneu-37-04-0556-FSKcG-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>There was no recurrence of the skin lesion after the treatment with radiation therapy, and there were no new occurrences of such lesions.</p>
      <p>A CT scan taken 2 months after the sixth cycle of pemetrexed revealed that the lung, liver, and bone diseases had progressed. The patient died 3 months after the end of the second-line chemotherapy, i.e., approximately 14 months after the initial diagnosis.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Cutaneous metastases have been described in association with most of the thoracic and abdominal tumors that cause distant metastases. Although there is no consensus in the literature regarding the frequency of cutaneous metastases, they are most commonly related to primary breast and lung tumors, the chest and abdomen being the sites that are most commonly affected by this type of dissemination.<sup>(5,11,12)</sup></p>
      <p>Skin lesions can present in different forms, the most common being hard, painless, rapidly growing nodules that adhere to deep planes and are skin-colored or slightly erythematous, with or without ulcerations. As a manifestation of breast and oral cavity cancers, skin lesions can present as nodules of sclerotic and inflammatory appearance; they can also present as a direct extension of the primary tumor.<sup>(13)</sup> Some lesions are intradermal and invade subcutaneous cellular tissue, whereas others are superficial, with no specific color or location that would indicate their nature.<sup>(11,13)</sup> They generally present as late manifestations of disseminated neoplastic disease. However, they can be the first clinical manifestation of thoracic or abdominal tumors.</p>
      <p>In the clinical case in question, because of the location, size, and appearance of the skin lesion, as well as because of its implications for the autonomy of the patient, we considered it relevant to adjust the treatment in order to reduce the physical and emotional impact of the lesion. To reach such an objective, a multidisciplinary approach is fundamental.</p>
      <p>Although the results obtained with the first-line pharmacological treatment were unsatisfactory, radiation therapy in association with second-line chemotherapy (pemetrexed) was well tolerated by the patient and provided better symptom control. The authors believe that the use of combined treatment provided the patient with better quality of life.</p>
      <p>It should be highlighted that there is little evidence to support the combined use of radiation therapy and pemetrexed. However, an article describing the results of two recently conducted phase I studies<sup>(14)</sup> demonstrated that this treatment modality is well tolerated, pointing the way to a new line of research into the association between radiation therapy and therapies aimed at molecular targets<sup>(4)</sup> in lung cancer.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Acknowledgments</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The authors are sincerely grateful to Dr. Marta Soares and Dr. Isabel Azevedo, as well as to the nurses at the Francisco Gentil Portuguese Oncology Institute Lung Clinic, in the city of Porto, Portugal, for their unconditional support during the preparation of this report.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
